| 谐波产生 |
| 添加时间：2018/12/7 16:09:53 浏览次数： |
| 电网谐波主要由发电设备(电源端)、输配电设备以及电力系统非线性负载等三个方面引起的。 The harmonics of power grid are mainly caused by three aspects: power generation equipment (power source), transmission and distribution equipment and non-linear load of power system. (1)电源端产生的谐波 (1) Harmonics generated at the power supply end 发电机的三相绕组在制作上很难做到绝对对称，由于制作工艺影响，其铁心也很难做到绝对的均匀一致，加上发电机的稳定性等其他一些原因，会产生一些谐波，但一般来说相对较少。 It is difficult to achieve absolute symmetry in the fabrication of three-phase windings of generators. Due to the influence of fabrication technology, it is difficult to achieve absolute uniformity in the core of generators. In addition, the stability of generators and other reasons will produce some harmonics, but generally speaking, it is relatively small. (2)输配电过程产生的谐波 (2) Harmonics generated in the process of transmission and distribution 电力变压器是输配电过程中主要的谐波来源，由于变压器的设计需要考虑经济性，其铁心的磁化曲线处于非线性的饱和状态，使得工作时的磁化电流为尖顶型的波形，因而产生奇次谐波。较高的变压器铁心饱和程度使得其工作点偏离了线性曲线，产生了较大的谐波电流，其奇次谐波电流的比例可以达到变压器额定电流的0．5%以上。 Power transformer is the main harmonic source in the process of transmission and distribution. Because the design of transformer needs to consider the economy, the magnetization curve of its core is in a non-linear saturated state, which makes the magnetization current at work a cusp waveform, thus generating odd harmonics. The higher saturation degree of transformer core makes its working point deviate from the linear curve, resulting in a larger harmonic current, whose odd harmonic current ratio can reach more than 0.5% of the rated current of transformer. (3)电力设备产生的谐波 (3) Harmonics generated by power equipment 1)整流晶闸管设备。由于整流晶闸管广泛应用在开关电源、机电控制、充电装置等许多方面，给电网带来了相当多的谐波。据统计，由整流设备引起的谐波将近达到全部谐波的40%，是谐波的一个主要来源。 1) Rectifier thyristor equipment. Rectifier thyristors are widely used in switching power supply, electromechanical control, charging devices and many other aspects, which bring considerable harmonics to the power grid. According to statistics, nearly 40% of all harmonics are caused by rectifier equipment, which is a major source of harmonics. 2)变频设备。电动机、电梯、水泵、风机等机电设备中常用的变频设备，因为大部分是相位控制，其谐波成分比较复杂，除了整数次的谐波成分外，还含有一定分数次的谐波成分，变频设备的功率一般较大，其广泛应用对电网造成的谐波也越来越多。 2) frequency conversion equipment. Frequency conversion equipment commonly used in electromechanical equipment such as motors, elevators, pumps, fans, etc. Because most of them are phase control, their harmonic components are relatively complex. Besides the integer harmonic components, they also contain a certain fraction of the harmonic components. The power of frequency conversion equipment is generally large, and the harmonic caused by its wide application to the power grid is also complex. More and more. 3)气体放电类电光源。气体放电类电光源如高压钠灯、高压汞灯、荧光灯以及金属卤化物灯等，其伏安特性的非线性相当严重，有的电光源还具有负伏安特性，这些都会给输电网带来奇次谐波成分。 3) Gas discharge light source. Gas discharge light sources, such as high-voltage sodium lamp, high-voltage mercury lamp, fluorescent lamp and metal halide lamp, have very serious non-linearity of their volt-ampere characteristics. Some electric light sources also have negative volt-ampere characteristics, which will bring odd harmonic components to the transmission network. 4)家用电器设备。在空调器、冰箱、洗衣机、电风扇等含有绕组的用电设备中，由于不平衡电流的变化也能使电源波形发生改变。另外，计算机、电视机、温控炊具、调光灯具等，因其具有一定的调压整流功能，也会产生高次的奇次谐波成分。这些家用电器设备也成为谐波的一个主要来源。 4) Home appliances. In air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, fans and other electrical equipment with windings, the change of unbalanced current can also change the waveform of power supply. In addition, computers, TV sets, temperature control cookers, dimming lamps and lanterns, because they have a certain function of voltage regulation and rectification, will also produce high-order odd harmonic components. These household appliances have also become a major source of harmonics. 5)其他用电设备。 5) Other electrical equipment. |
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